Fight Against Affirmative Action: Pros and Cons,Online Academic Help With Different Subjects
WebFeb 10, · The controversy surrounding affirmative action’s effectiveness is often based on the idea of class inequality. However, Affirmative Action regulation forbids employers to discriminate against individuals because of their race, color, religion, WebAffirmative action is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women; also: a similar effort to WebCite This Essay. Download. Today, it would be racists who use the tags “minority” and “intellectually impaired” together. However, it is that precise attitude that is promoted by WebOct 26, · Arguments for and against Affirmative action Essay Introduction. The aim of affirmative action is to ensure that distribution of resources is done in appropriate and Web“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, ... read more
However, there is evidence to show that affirmative action has become a form of discrimination in and of itself through […]. Affirmative action was created in an effort to change unequal distribution of benefits including positions, income, and property. Since its execution in the United States at , affirmative action has been the hot issue of discussion causing quite a stir in all aspects. Johnson put government contractors to accept favorable action programs. At the moment, the nation struggled with social, racial, gender, and […]. Affirmative action may be described as guidelines or practices that are intended to curtail or end practices that may seem discriminatory. In America since independence, the nation has had to undergo various forms of affirmative actions in order to make the nation more habitable and conducive to everybody living there.
The actions have also seen the nation mark tumultuous times because great struggle had to be employed in order to attain the kind of civil liberties they enjoy in the […]. Affirmative action is any policy directed at compensating someone in return for discrimination that person suffered. It is applied at the group level, and most often in this country, to the variable of race. The Debate Over Affirmative Action: Is Affirmative Action justified? Affirmative Action had its origin in the Civil Rights Act of , but an extreme discussion whether minorities should receive special treatments in society has emerged in recent decades. Affirmative Action more narrowly refers to preferential selection based on race, gender, or ethnicity.
Therefore, Affirmative Action is not legitimized and it even reinforces racism, […]. He is forced to move to the South, where he realizes he is invisible because of the way whites and blacks treat him. As an […]. Abstract The continual effort for equality and equal opportunity is a goal that we should all seek as a society. We need to invest in future generations in all social economic areas to provide an equal playing field for success. Academics, employment, and politics are major deciding factors in what opportunity we can be exposed too. African Americans among other minority groups such as women, were subjected to unfair disadvantages that prevented them from reaching the same success as others. A lot has changed. Perhaps you have a different hairstyle or even a new car.
And of course, the dreaded university transfer applications. Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. This is a typical question offered as a supplementary essay for the Common Application. The Common Application is an undergraduate admission application that can be used to apply to any number of member colleges all with the simple push of a button. This question and many other […]. Democracy in South Africa presaged the transformation agenda essential to the building of a just and equitable post-apartheid state, and it is safe to say that the concept of transformation has become the central reference point that provides the momentum for the rebuilding of the South African state from its apartheid ruins Jammine, To this end the South African government had passed various laws to stimulate the diversification of the labour force Commission for Employment Equity Report, Likewise, […].
This paper examines how systemic discrimination against women results in lower female participation in firefighting jobs. Firefighting jobs are a microcosm of the overall issue of systemic sexism in the workplace. Females have lower workplace participation than men overall. While there has been some improvement in the past half-century, the rate of change is slow and it will maybe decades until we reach full equality. More troublesome, there are reports of harassment, sexual discrimination and other negative treatment of women […]. Affirmative Action is a right not a privilege that should be fought for. Everybody has a right to be taken into consideration without discrimination no matter their race, religion, national origin and gender. Women should strive for the right for equal representation throughout the workforce.
While our men and women fight for our freedom, as citizen we fight for our rights. Occupation Segregation is still a huge issue in the military and civilian world. Women and men are still not […]. Sex Discrimination at Walmart Stephanie Etheredge Ashford University What financial impact do you think the lawsuit could potentially have on Wal-Mart? The financial impact I think the lawsuit will have on Wal Mart is hire prices in the store. With the cost of legal fees the company would have to make up the cost. For countless years, there has been deliberate bigotry against people of color all around the world. However, today in America the social prejudice against the African American race has become almost entirely a thing of the past.
Researchers argue that the discrimination people of color face has lessened over time and the barriers between whites and blacks have weakened. Is affirmative action still necessary for guaranteeing equal access to educational opportunities at elite universities and graduate schools? Should admissions decisions be based solely on academic criteria and merit? Key Words: affirmative action, Grutter V. Bollinger, and diversity. Grutter V. Bollinger Research Paper 3 Affirmative Action in Education Affirmative action was formed more than fifty years ago. However, with diversity comes inequalities that people of color face throughout their lives. A particular issue in the United States, specifically in education, is unequal opportunities and treatment in regard to race.
Research shows that students from single-parent black families had a high chance of dropping out and participating in illicit behavior Hallinan While the issue of race is a complicated issue to breach for. Another thing that places students of color at a disadvantage in college admissions is the persisting cultural bias in high-stakes testing. Fair education reform advocates have long been citing an extensive record of standardized testing concerns, many of which relate to racial bias and discrimination. As researcher and author Harold Berlak explains in the journal Rethinking Education: Standardized testing perpetuates institutionalized racism and contributes to the achievement gap between whites and minorities.
For instance, the deeply embedded stereotype that African Americans perform poorly on standardized tests. A specific study conducted in January of helped further promote this idea using groups of nonblack students that believed they were being recruited for a team building program. A white actor and a black actor were placed in a group of students and the white actor made a racist comment regarding the black actor. The majority of students who witnessed the exchange firsthand did not report being offended by the racist comments and chose the caucasian actor as their partner. The same can be said when discussing and analyzing the success rate of minority students in higher education. The three main factors that I will be covering over the course of this essay are school tuition rates, Affirmative Action policies, and how schools handle discipline.
Racial issues are sometimes dismissed as history; they are thought of as issues of the past. People sometimes believe that since the government preaches equality, that most racial issues are resolved. Not only facing discriminatory practices in the job market, minorities face racism in many different aspects of everyday life. In the world we live in today, people tend to judge a whole group of people based on the actions of only a few. With this, Goodman provides statistics and opinions of experts on the matter, which includes comparison of such discriminatory acts against other institutions. Already a Member? This essay and THOUSANDS of other essays are FREE at eCheat. Uploaded by: sls Category: Affirmative Action.
Length: 5 pages 1, words. Views: suggesting that never before has a democratic governments policy so completely contradicted the core values of its citizenry. Yet, while affirmative action makes sense in theory, it has not fared well in practice. Also, if one takes race into account, one the recent Supreme Court of the United States ruling that "upheld the right of universities to consider race in admissions procedu This research paper considers the effect that anti-affirmative action policies have had on minority enrollment and then proposes a In a paper that contains six pages the argument that Affirmative Action polices have outlived their usefulness is presented.
In a paper consisting of ten pages the obsolescence of Affirmative Action is argued in terms of its overall lack of effectiveness who require care" Mendelson and Mendelson, ; p. All we can expect within workplace diversity is for it to intens increasingly diverse, affirmative action in college admissions is a national imperative" Dervarics, ; 6. And while, as menti In ten pages this paper discusses Affirmative Action in an overview of its origins and its historical evolution. Six sources are Many people look at minority doctors and lawyers and in the back of their minds wonder if they are really up to the job. View more professionally written essays on this topic ». New to eCheat Create an Account! CLICK the BUTTON to the RIGHT!
In this essay I set forth nine arguments against Strong Affirmative Action, which I define as preferential treatment, discriminating in favor of members of under-represented groups, which have been treated unjustly in the past, against innocent people. I distinguish this from Weak Affirmative Action, which simply seeks to promote equal opportunity to the goods and offices of a society. I do not argue against this policy. I argue against Strong Affirmative Action, attempting to show that two wrongs dont make a right.
This form of Affirmative Action, as it is applied against White males, is both racist and sexist. Hardly a week goes by but that the subject of Affirmative Action does not come up. The Supreme Court recently refused to rule on the appeal, thus leaving it to the individual states to decide how they will deal with this issue. Both sides have reorganized for a renewed battle. At the same time, the European Unions High Court of Justice in Luxembourg has recently approved Affirmative Action programs giving women preferential treatment in the 15 European Union countries Nov. Many feel that the federal government has abandoned its guarantee to provide the minimum necessities for each American, so that the pace of this tragedy that seems to be worsening daily.
Add to this, the fact that in our country African-Americans have a legacy of slavery and unjust discrimination to contend with, and we have the makings of an inferno, and, perhaps, in the worse case scenario, the downfall of a nation. What is the answer to our national problem? Is it increased welfare? more job training? more support for education? required licencing of parents to have children? negative income tax? more support for families or for mothers with small children? All of these have merit and should be part of the national debate.
But, my thesis is, however tragic the situation may be and we may disagree on just how tragic it is , one policy is not a legitimate part of the solution and that is reverse, unjust discrimination against young white males. Strong Affirmative Action, which implicitly advocates reverse discrimination, while, no doubt, well intentioned, is morally heinous, asserting, by implication, that two wrongs make a right. The Two Wrongs Make a Right Thesis goes like this: Because some Whites once enslaved some Blacks, the decedents of those slaves, some of whom may now enjoy high incomes and social status, have a right to opportunities and offices over better qualified Whites who had nothing to do with either slavery or the oppression of Blacks, and who may even have suffered hardship comparable to that of poor Blacks.
In addition, Strong Affirmative Action creates a new Hierarchy of the Oppressed: Blacks get primary preferential treatment , women second, Native Americans third, Hispanics fourth, Handicapped fifth, and Asians sixth and so on until White males, no matter how needy or well qualified, must accept. the left-overs. Naturally, combinations of oppressed classes e. By Weak Affirmative Action I mean policies that will increase the opportunities of disadvantaged people to attain social goods and offices. It includes the dismantling of segregated institutions, widespread advertisement to groups not previously represented in certain privileged positions, special scholarships for the disadvantaged classes e.
The goal of Weak Affirmative Action is equal opportunity to compete, not equal results. We seek to provide each citizen regardless of race or gender a fair chance to the most favored positions in society. By Strong Affirmative Action I mean preferential treatment on the basis of race, ethnicity or gender or some other morally irrelevant criterion , discriminating in favor of under-represented groups against over-represented groups, aiming at roughly equal results. Strong Affirmative Action is reverse discrimination. It says it is right to do wrong to correct a wrong. I will not argue for or against the principle of Weak Affirmative Action. Indeed, I think it has some moral weight.
Strong Affirmative Action has none, or so I will argue. In what follows I will mainly concentrate on Affirmative Action policies with regard to race, but the arguments can be extended to cover ethnicity and gender. I think that if a case for Affirmative Action can be made it will be as a corrective to racial oppression. I will examine nine arguments regarding Affirmative Action. The first six will be negative, attempting to show that the best arguments for Affirmative Action fail. The last three will be positive arguments for policies opposing Affirmative Action:.
This argument is straightforward. We all have need of role models, and it helps to know that others like us can be successful. In the first place its not clear that role models of ones own racial or sexual type are necessary let alone sufficient for success. One of my heroes was Gandhi, an Indian Hindu, another was my grade school science teacher, Miss DeVoe, and another Martin Luther King, behind whom I marched in Civil Rights demonstrations. Our common humanity should be a sufficient basis for us to see the possibility of success in people of virtue and merit.
It is to elevate morally irrelevant particularity over relevant traits, such as ability and integrity. We dont need people. exactly like us to find inspiration. Furthermore, even if it is of some help to people with low self-esteem to gain encouragement from seeing others of their particular kind in successful positions, it is doubtful whether this need is a sufficient reason to justify preferential hiring or reverse discrimination. What good is a role model who is inferior to other professors or physicians or business personnel? The best way to create role models is not to promote people because of race or gender but because they are the best qualified for the job.
Finally, entertain this thought experiment. Suppose we discovered that tall handsome white males somehow made the best role models for the most people, especially poor people. Suppose even large numbers of minority people somehow found inspiration in their sight. Would we be justified in hiring tall handsome white males over better qualified short Hispanic women, who were deemed less role-model worthy? The argument goes like this: blacks have been wronged and severely harmed by whites. Therefore white society should compensate blacks for the injury caused them. Reverse discrimination in terms of preferential hiring, contracts, and scholarships is a fitting way to compensate for the past wrongs.
This argument actually involves a distorted notion of compensation. Normally, we think of compensation as owed by a specific person A to another person B whom A has wronged in a specific way C. For example, if I have stolen your car and used it for a period of time to make business profits that would have gone to you, it is not enough that I return your car. I must pay you an amount reflecting your loss and my ability to pay. Sometimes compensation is extended to groups of people who have been unjustly harmed by the greater society.
For example, the United States government has compensated the Japanese-Americans who were interred during the Second World War, and the West German government has paid reparations to the survivors of Nazi concentration camps. But here a specific people have been identified who were wronged in an identifiable way by the government of the nation in question. On the face of it, demands by blacks for compensation does not fit the usual pattern. Perhaps Southern States with Jim Crow laws could be accused of unjustly harming blacks, but it is hard to see that the United States government was involved in doing so. Much of the harm done to blacks was the result of private discrimination, not state action. Furthermore, it is not clear that all blacks were harmed in the same way or whether some were unjustly harmed or harmed more than poor whites and others e.
short people. Finally, even if identifiable blacks were harmed by identifiable social practices, it is not clear that most forms of Affirmative Action are appropriate to restore the situation. The usual practice of a financial payment seems more appropriate than giving a. high level job to someone unqualified or only minimally qualified, who, speculatively, might have been better qualified had he not been subject to racial discrimination. If John is the star tailback of our college team with a promising professional future, and I accidentally but culpably drive my pick-up truck over his legs, and so cripple him, John may be due compensation, but he is not due the tailback spot on the football team.
Still, there may be something intuitively compelling about compensating members of an oppressed group who are minimally qualified. Suppose that the Hatfields and the McCoys are enemy clans and some youths from the Hatfields go over and steal diamonds and gold from the McCoys, distributing it within the Hatfield economy. Even though we do not know which Hatfield youths did the stealing, we would want to restore the wealth, as far as possible, to the McCoys. One way might be to tax the Hatfields, but another might be to give preferential treatment in terms of scholarships and training programs and hiring to the McCoys.
This is perhaps the strongest argument for Affirmative Action, and it may well justify some weaker versions of AA, but it is doubtful whether it is sufficient to justify strong versions with quotas and goals and time tables in skilled positions. There are at least two reasons for this. First, we have no way of knowing how many people of any given group would have achieved some given level of competence had the world been different. This is especially relevant if my objections to the Equal Results Argument 3 above are correct. Secondly, the normal criterion of competence is a strong prima facie consideration when the most important positions are at stake.
There are three reasons for this: 1 treating people according to their merits respects them as persons, as ends in themselves, rather than as means to social ends if we believe that individuals possess a dignity which deserves to be respected, then we ought to treat that individual on the basis of his or her merits, not as a mere instrument for social policy ; 2 society has given people expectations that if they attain certain levels of excellence they will be awarded appropriately and 3 filling the most important positions with the best qualified is the best way to insure efficiency in job-related areas and in society in general. These reasons are not absolutes. They can be overridden. At this point we get into the problem of whether innocent non-blacks should have to pay a penalty in terms of preferential hiring of blacks.
We turn to that argument. The Argument for Compensation from Those who Innocently Benefitted from Past Injustice Young White males as innocent beneficiaries of unjust discrimination of blacks and women have no grounds for complaint when society seeks to level the tilted field. They may be innocent of oppressing blacks, other minorities, and women, but they have unjustly benefitted from that oppression or discrimination. So it is perfectly proper that less qualified women and blacks be hired before them. The operative principle is: He who knowingly and willingly benefits from a wrong must help pay for the wrong.
Judith Jarvis Thomson puts it this way. Here is my response to this argument: As I noted in the previous section, compensation is normally individual and specific. If A harms B regarding x, B has a right to compensation from A in regards to x. Furthermore, if A dies or disappears, B has no moral right to claim that society compensate him for the stolen car — though if he has insurance, he can make such a claim to the insurance company. Sometimes a wrong cannot be compensated, and we just have to make the best of an imperfect world. Suppose my parents, divining that I would grow up to have an unsurpassable desire to be a basketball player, bought an expensive growth hormone for me. Unfortunately, a neighbor stole it and gave it to little Michael, who gained the extra 13 inches — my 13 inches — and shot up to an enviable 6 feet 6 inches.
The Case Against Affirmative Action,Need custom essay sample written special for your assignment?
WebAffirmative Action is a government program designed to redress historic injustices against specific groups by making special efforts to provide members with access to educational WebCite This Essay. Download. Today, it would be racists who use the tags “minority” and “intellectually impaired” together. However, it is that precise attitude that is promoted by WebApr 19, · Against Affirmative Action Equality is one of the basic principles the United States is found on. In the Declaration of Independence it states “All Men are Created WebAffirmative action is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women; also: a similar effort to WebJan 28, · Get help on 【 Against Affirmative Action Essay 】 on Happyessays Huge assortment of FREE essays & assignments The best writers! Web“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, ... read more
This essay on Arguments for and against Affirmative action was written and submitted by your fellow student. Denying any individual work on account of their race, sexual introduction, religion, or sex is […]. What if I told you that if you wanted to attend a University, your skin color would be a deciding factor on your admission? Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. Reverse discrimination in terms of preferential hiring, contracts, and scholarships is a fitting way to compensate for the past wrongs. University of Michigan.
The test score differences between black and white students were more than points. Affirmative Action Affirmative Action was created by President John F. click here. In the first, I will argue why affirmative action has to be seen as a reinforcement of stereotypes and racism. Against affirmative action essay essay help, against affirmative action essay. What this really meant then and means even more today is that all men should have equal opportunity for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
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